ChangeLog.md

2024-06-11 Version 6.2.2

• Update iOS SDK to 3.4.4
• Update Android SDK to 5.12.1

2024-04-03 Version 6.2.1

• Fix issue with deeplinks getting lost on iOS when the App is closed and deferInitForPluginRuntime is enabled
• Update iOS SDK 3.4.1

2024-04-01 Version 6.2.0

• Update Android SDK to 5.11.0
• Update iOS SDK 3.4.0
• Added support for changing the Branch base API URL through the branch.json file

2024-02-29 Version 6.1.0

• Update Android SDK to 5.9.0
• Update iOS SDK 3.2.0
• Added addSnapPartnerParameter() to support setting Snapchat partner parameters
• Added setDMAParamsForEEA() to support DMA compliance
• Removed deprecated setDebug() method

2023-10-10 Version 6.0.0

• Update Branch iOS SDK to 3.0.0 for iOS 17 support.
  • Add a Privacy Manifest for the Branch SDK.
  • Add support for a tracking domain. When Ads tracking is enabled, the SDK sends event calls to a tracking domain.
  • SetIdentity and Logout are now handled device side
  • Remove deprecated code and some data minimization
    • Cross Platform ID
    • Credits and Referrals
    • Close requests
    • Facebook App Links and related code.
    • Pre-iOS 14 tracking status. This is always false on recent iOS versions.
    • Tune data upgrade check
    • v1 Branch Events, all events are now v2 Branch Events
    • Pre-iOS 10 locale support
    • Device carrier. This was used for fraud analysis, but is no longer available on new iOS versions.
• Update minimum iOS version to 12.0

2023-10-03 Version 5.9.2

• Update Android SDK to 5.7.1 to include gclid bug fix.

2023-10-02 Version 5.9.1

• Update Android SDK to 5.7.0
• Update iOS SDK 2.2.1
• Removed deprecated code related to v1/events.

2023-06-26 Version 5.9.0

• Update Android SDK to 5.5.0
• Update iOS SDK 2.2.0
• Removed deprecated iOS method, delayInitToCheckForSearchAds()

2023-03-29

• To address a race condition where apps don't receive Branch params on cold starts, an opt in fix will defer loading the native iOS/Android layer until signaled by this plugin in subscribe(). This can be enabled by creating a branch.json file with the contents:

  {
    "deferInitForPluginRuntime": true
  }

  Android: Place this file in your src/main/assets folder iOS: Add this file through Xcode, File -> Add Files to "YourProject.xcodeproj" and add to Copy Bundle Resources for each target that inits the Branch SDK.
• Update Android SDK to 5.3.0
• Update iOS SDK 2.1.0 It may be necessary to clear out pod cache and reinstall
• Fixes the typing of isTrackingDisabled to return Promise<boolean>

2023-01-23 Version 5.7.0

• Update Android SDK to 5.2.7
• Update iOS SDK to 1.45.2
• Fix ~creation_source type - Thanks @vincent-paing
• Add export for success and error event - Thanks @vincent-paing

2022-10-13 Version 5.6.2

• Fixed bug with returning LATD on iOS
• Fixed bug with setIdentityAsync on Android

2022-10-03 Version 5.6.1

• Update Android SDK to 5.2.5

2022-09-30 Version 5.6.0

• Update Android SDK to 5.2.4
• Update iOS SDK to 1.43.2
• Fix BranchUniversalObject showShareSheet return type definition (thanks romanlitvin)
• Change customData type definition to String String dictionary (thanks vincent-paing!)
• Fixed clearPartnerParameters call (thanks danilobuerger!)
• Add callback to setIdentity in new function setIdentityAsync

2022-07-20 Version 5.5.0

• Branch QR code creation support added.

  getBranchQRCode: (
  settings: BranchQRCodeSettings,
  branchUniversalObject: BranchUniversalObjectOptions,
  linkProperties: BranchLinkProperties,
  controlParams: BranchLinkControlParams,
  ) => Promise<string>;

• Support for preinstall analytics.

  setPreInstallCampaign = (campaign) =>
    RNBranch.setPreinstallCampaign(campaign);
  setPreInstallPartner = (partner) => RNBranch.setPreinstallPartner(partner);

• Update react-native to 0.63.0
• Update Android SDK to 5.2.0
• Update iOS SDK to 1.43.1

2022-06-06 Version 5.4.1

• Update Android SDK to 5.1.5
• Update iOS SDK to 1.42.0

2022-02-10 Version 5.4.0

• Fix type definition of createBranchUniversalObject (Thanks v-fernandez!)
• Update Android SDK to 5.1.0
• Update iOS SDK to 1.41.0
• Update other dependencies to latest non-breaking

2022-01-31 Version 5.3.1

• Null checks for listeners. Thanks ilyagru!
• Depend on React-Core instead of React. Thanks radko93!
• Use @ReactModule annotation. Thanks janicduplessis!

2022-01-25 Version 5.3.0

• Swift support. Thanks giautm!
• Expose iOS method handleATTAuthorizationStatus. Thanks adkenyon!
• Remove jcenter repository. Thanks yash221b!
• Fix removeListener deprecate warning. Thanks addingama!

2021-10-29 Version 5.2.1

• Update iOS SDK to 1.40.2

2021-10-27 Version 5.2.0

• Update iOS SDK to 1.40.1
• Update Android SDK to 5.0.14

2021-10-01 Version 5.1.0

• Update Androd SDK to 5.0.13
• Removes credit related APIs. Feature has been deprecated and the supporting services will be shutdown.

2021-08-16 Version 5.0.4

• Update iOS SDK to 1.39.4

• Adds support to check the pasteboard for deferred deeplink data. Add checkPasteboardOnInstall to branch.json. The feature is optional and disabled by default.

• Update Android SDK to 5.0.9

2021-04-29 Version 5.0.3

• Update Android SDK to 5.0.8

2021-04-16 Version 5.0.2

• Requires react-native >= 0.60

• Update iOS SDK to 1.39.2

• Update Android SDK to 5.0.7

• Adds addFacebookPartnerParameter method. See FB documentation on partner parameters for details.

  branch.addFacebookPartnerParameter(
    "em",
    "11234e56af071e9c79927651156bd7a10bca8ac34672aba121056e2698ee7088"
  );

• Adds clearPartnerParameter method

  branch.clearPartnerParameters();

• Adds typescript. Thanks runtrizapps!

• Adds enableLogging to the RNBranch class. Thanks jkadamczyk!

• Fix issue with Android LATD. Thanks mauryakk15!

2021-02-04 Version 5.0.1

• Requires react-native >= 0.60
• Adds lastAttributedTouchData method.

  const attributionWindow = 365;
  branch.lastAttributedTouchData(attributionWindow, (latData) => {
    // latData is an Object
  });

  See https://help.branch.io/developers-hub/docs/retrieving-branchs-last-attributed-touch-data for further details.

2020-08-27 Version 5.0.0

• Requires react-native >= 0.60
• This release includes Branch native SDKs Android 5.0.3 and iOS 0.35.0.
• Added RNBranchModule.onNewIntent for Android. This replaces calling setIntent and RNBranchModule.reInitSession.

  @Override public void onNewIntent(Intent intent) {
      super.onNewIntent(intent);
      RNBranchModule.onNewIntent(intent);
  }

• Added cachedInitialEvent Boolean parameter to onOpenStart callback.
• Improved support of in-app linking via branch.openURL(). The newActivity option for Android was removed.
• There is a known issue with in-app linking on Android. When opening a link within an app via branch.openURL(), there is no onOpenStart callback and no uri parameter in the onOpenComplete callback. This will be addressed in the next release.
• Rebuilt testbed_simple, webview_example and browser_example with RN 0.62.2.

2020-07-23 Version 5.0.0-rc.1

• Requires react-native >= 0.60
• This release includes Branch native SDKs Android 5.0.1 and iOS 0.34.0.
• The onOpenStart function is now called for Universal Links on iOS when launched from a link, and the uri parameter is populated in the onOpenComplete callback in this case.
• The return value of branch.subscribe() did not work as an unsubscribe function. This has been fixed.
• Add support for all standard v2 events.
• Add support for an alias property in Branch v2 events (also known as Customer Event Alias).

2020-04-10 Version 5.0.0-beta.1

• For use with react-native >= 0.60

• This release includes Branch native SDKs Android 5.0.0 and iOS 0.32.0.

• The branch.subscribe callback now passes a third named parameter, uri, which is the URI/URL that originally launched the app. In some cases this may be null (e.g. deferred deep links). Consult the ~referring_link, +url or +non_branch_link parameter in those cases.

• You can now be notified when Branch is about to open a link using two separate callbacks, onOpenStart and onOpenComplete. The onOpenComplete callback is identical with the single callback passed to branch.subscribe.

  import branch from "react-native-branch";
  
  branch.subscribe({
    onOpenStart: ({ uri }) => {
      console.log("Branch will open " + uri);
    },
    onOpenComplete: ({ error, params, uri }) => {
      if (error) {
        console.log("Error from Branch opening " + uri + ": " + error);
        return;
      }
  
      console.log("Branch opened " + uri);
      // handle params
    },
  });

Updating from an earlier version:

iOS

In the AppDelegate, use the following methods:

Obj-C

```Obj-C
- (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application openURL:(NSURL *)url options:(nonnull NSDictionary<UIApplicationOpenURLOptionsKey,id> *)options {
  return [RNBranch application:application openURL:url options:options];
}

- (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application continueUserActivity:(NSUserActivity *)userActivity restorationHandler:(void (^)(NSArray<id<UIUserActivityRestoring>> *restorableObjects))restorationHandler {
  return [RNBranch continueUserActivity:userActivity];
}
```

Swift

```Swift
func application(_ app: UIApplication, open url: URL, options: [UIApplication.OpenURLOptionsKey : Any] = [:]) -> Bool {
  return RNBranch.application(app, open: url, options: options)
}

func application(_ application: UIApplication, continue userActivity: NSUserActivity, restorationHandler: @escaping ([UIUserActivityRestoring]?) -> Void) -> Bool {
  return RNBranch.continue(userActivity)
}
```

2020-04-10 Version 3.2.1

• For use with react-native < 0.60
• This release includes Branch native SDKs Android 5.0.0 and iOS 0.32.0.

2020-03-11 Version 4.4.0

• For use with react-native >= 0.60
• This release includes Branch native SDKs Android 4.3.2 and iOS 0.31.3.
• Introduced an enableFacebookLinkCheck Boolean parameter in branch.json. This results in calling enableFacebookAppLinkCheck() on Android and registerFacebookDeepLinkingClass: on iOS for use with react-native-fbsdk. Advanced users: You can still call these methods in native code as before if your use case dictates.

2020-03-11 Version 3.2.0

• For use with react-native < 0.60
• This release includes Branch native SDKs Android 4.3.2 and iOS 0.31.3.
• Fixed a crash due to NPE on Android experienced by some users. Now an error should be properly reported.
• Introduced an enableFacebookLinkCheck Boolean parameter in branch.json. This results in calling enableFacebookAppLinkCheck() on Android and registerFacebookDeepLinkingClass: on iOS for use with react-native-fbsdk. Advanced users: You can still call these methods in native code as before if your use case dictates.

2020-02-27 Version 3.1.2

• This release, for React Native < 0.60, updates native SDK support to Android 4.3.2 and iOS 0.31.3.

2020-02-13 Version 4.3.0

• Requires RN >= 0.60
• Uses native Branch SDKs 4.3.2 (Android), 0.31.x (iOS).
• SDK-802 accept PR to expose setMetadata at the JS layer
• SDK-714 add plugin identifier
• Addresses several github issues.

2019-09-30 Version 4.2.1

• Missed version update in iOS RNBranch.m

2019-09-27 Version 4.2.0

• Update Android Branch SDK to 4.1.0
• Update iOS Branch SDK to 0.29.0
• Expose Android reInit session for foreground links

2019-07-25 Version 3.1.1

• Requires RN < 0.60
• Fix a runtime iOS issue in 3.1.0
• Uses native Branch SDKs 3.2.0 (Android), 0.27.1 (iOS).

2019-07-25 Version 4.1.0

• Requires RN >= 0.60
• Added optional argument to getLatestReferringParams to allow deferring promise resolution.
• Uses native Branch SDKs 3.2.0 (Android), 0.27.1 (iOS).

2019-07-25 Version 3.1.0

• Requires RN < 0.60
• Added optional argument to getLatestReferringParams to allow deferring promise resolution.
• Fix clicked_branch_link false positive (#466) from @sjchmiela.
• Uses native Branch SDKs 3.2.0 (Android), 0.27.1 (iOS).

2019-07-16 Version 4.0.0

• Full support for React Native 0.60, AndroidX and autolinking
• Fix clicked_branch_link false positive (#466) from @sjchmiela.
• Uses native Branch SDKs 3.2.0 (Android), 0.27.1 (iOS).

2019-05-22 Version 3.0.1

• Added Carthage/Build/iOS to Framework Search Paths for Carthage support.
• Uses native Branch SDKs 3.2.0 (Android), 0.27.0 (iOS).

2019-04-30 Version 3.0.0

• Changed implementation to api in build.gradle. This exposes the native Branch SDK to native code and avoids the need to import io.branch.sdk.android:library in the app/build.gradle, which introduces the potential for conflicts. The app/build.gradle import via implementation 'io.branch.sdk.android:library:3.1.2' is no longer necessary and should be removed.
• Uses native Branch SDKs 3.1.2 (Android), 0.27.0 (iOS).

2019-04-19 Version 3.0.0-rc.1

• Removed docs folder from distro.

• Updated to iOS SDK 0.26.0, Android 3.1.1.

• Removed Branch-SDK & react-native-branch-segment podspecs. Removed Branch iOS SDK source code from distribution in favor of using CocoaPods.

• Renamed cached_initial_event parameter +rn_cached_initial_event.

• Updated all examples to RN 0.59.6, React 16.8.6.

• NPM is not currently supported (#433). package-lock.json removed from all examples. NPM removed from instructions in docs.

  Updating to 3.0.0

  • If using the cached_initial_event parameter, change it to +rn_cached_initial_event.
  • [Android] Add implementation 'io.branch.sdk.android:library:3.+' to app/build.gradle.
  • [Android] Change the call to Branch.getAutoInstance in Application.onCreate to RNBranchModule.getAutoInstance.
  • [iOS] Add version 0.26.0 of the Branch pod to your Podfile:

  Pure RN app with react-native link

  • If you already have a Podfile, add pod 'Branch', '0.26.0'. Then run pod install.

  • If you don't have a Podfile, add one to your ios subdirectory using these contents:

    platform :ios, "9.0"
    use_frameworks!
    pod "Branch", "0.26.0"
    target "MyApp"
    

    Change MyApp to the name of your application target. Install CocoaPods if necessary: https://guides.cocoapods.org/using/getting-started.html#installation. Run pod install in the ios subdirectory. Note that this creates a workspace called MyApp.xcworkspace in the same directory. From now on, open the workspace, not the project.

  • Note that if your local podspec repo is quite old, you may need to update it to get the current version of the Branch SDK. Do this by running pod install --repo-update or by running pod repo update before pod install.

  Native iOS app with the react-native-branch pod

  • Remove pod 'Branch-SDK' from your Podfile. Run pod install.

2019-03-27 Version 2.3.5

• Remove docs folder from distro.
• Updated to iOS SDK 0.26.0.

2019-03-05 Version 3.0.0-beta.3

• Added react-native-branch-segment.podspec for use with the Segment integration.

2019-02-22 Version 3.0.0-beta.2

• Remove weak reference from BranchUniversalReferralInitListener (#372)
• Check for null params (#364)
• Support for setting Branch keys in branch.json

2019-02-22 Version 2.3.4

• Remove weak reference from BranchUniversalReferralInitListener (#372)
• Check for null params (#364)

2019-01-28 Version 3.0.0-beta.1

• Remove native Branch Android jar from repo and distro.

2018-07-25 Version 2.3.3

• Updated to iOS SDK 0.25.1 and Android SDK 2.19.0.

2018-07-20 Version 2.3.2

• Updated to iOS SDK 0.24.1 and Android SDK 2.17.1.
• V2 event support updates.
• Link data read updates.
• Node dependency updates.

2018-04-14 Version 2.2.5

• setRequestMetadata support to RNBranch module.
• Fixed custom event issues on iOS and Android #317.
• Fixed async subscribe call issue #322.
• Fixed getLatestReferringParams release issue #282.
• Updated to iOS SDK 0.22.5 and Android SDK 2.15.0.
• Includes native SDKs 0.22.5 (iOS), 2.15.0 (Android).

2018-01-09 Version 2.2.4

• Updated to Android SDK 2.14.4.
• Includes native SDKs 0.22.4 (iOS), 2.14.4 (Android).

2018-01-04 Version 2.2.3

• Updated to iOS SDK 0.22.4 to fix backward compatibility issues with metadata. #311
• Includes native SDKs 0.22.4 (iOS), 2.14.3 (Android).

2017-12-22 Version 2.2.2

• Get rid of unnecessary version check for iOS 8 (#309)
• Some corrections to handling of Branch Universal Object content metadata.
• Includes native SDKs 0.21.16 (iOS), 2.14.3 (Android).

2017-12-14 Version 2.2.1

• Fixes certain BUO content metadata field mappings: productCategory, addressPostalCode, ratingAverage
• Includes native SDKs 0.21.14 (iOS), 2.14.2 (Android).

2017-12-11 Version 2.2.0

• Adds BranchEvent class
• Adds new Branch Universal Object API
• Added requiresMainQueueSetup as required by v0.49+ of RN via @UrbanChrisy (#299)
• Fix incorrect event type when error = null via @wildseansy (#285)
• Includes native SDKs 0.21.14 (iOS), 2.14.2 (Android).

2017-10-17 Version 2.1.1

• Fix for +non_branch_link issue on Android (#216).
• Suppress some warnings with Xcode 9.
• Added a troubleshooting section to the README.
• Includes native SDKs 0.19.5 (iOS), 2.12.2 (Android).

2017-10-02 Version 2.1.0

• Added an openURL method for programmatic deep linking from anywhere in an app (e.g., a QR reader).
• Allow loading rewards from different buckets via an optional argument to loadRewards().
• Return RNBranch::Error::DuplicateResourceError in case of an existing alias.
• Further rework of the README.
• Introduced a tutorial app.
• Includes native SDKs 0.19.5 (iOS), 2.12.1 (Android).

2017-08-30 Version 2.0.0

• Added sendCommerceEvent method.
• Complete rewrite of the README.
• Removed the peerDependency on react.
• Includes native SDKs 0.17.10 (iOS), 2.12.0 (Android).

2017-08-21 Version 2.0.0-rc.2

• Fixed automation bug that generated an RNBranch.xcodeproj that failed with react-native link.
• Regenerated RNBranch.xcodeproj to fix react-native link bug (#239).
• Includes native SDKs 0.17.9 (iOS), 2.11.1 (Android).

2017-08-17 Version 2.0.0-rc.1

• (Internal) Native SDK updates are now automated.
• Includes native SDKs 0.17.9 (iOS), 2.11.1 (Android).

2017-08-04 Version 2.0.0-beta.8

• Support for RN >= 0.47 (#231).
• Added support for platform-specific branch.json.
• Includes native SDKs 0.16.2 (iOS), 2.10.3 (Android).

2017-06-19 Version 2.0.0-beta.7

• This release adds support for an optional branch.json configuration file. See https://rnbranch.app.link/branch-json for details.
• Deprecated [RNBranch handleDeepLink:]. See https://rnbranch.app.link/version-2#ios-api-changes for details.
• Includes native SDKs 0.15.3 (iOS), 2.9.0 (Android).

2017-05-30 Version 2.0.0-beta.6

• This release adds some native wrapper methods to simplify certain native code changes that cannot be supported in JS.
• Includes native SDKs 0.15.3 (iOS), 2.8.0 (Android).

2017-05-19 Version 2.0.0-beta.5

• This release disables the unsupportable setDebug() method and provides new native methods to take its place. See https://rnbranch.app.link/hGj7E61EhD for details.
• Removed the filter in the native layers that was passing null params to the branch.subscribe callback. Now params will never be null in the callback. Non-Branch links are available using the +non_branch_link parameter, like the rest of Branch's SDKs. See in particular the webview_example for updated usage. The uri parameter still exists, and its behavior is largely unchanged, but it should now be considered deprecated and will be removed in a future release.
• Includes native SDKs 0.14.12 (iOS), 2.8.0 (Android).

2017-05-10 Version 2.0.0-beta.4

• This release restores the React dependency to the react-native-branch podspec for full Swift support.
• Improvements to webview_example_native_ios to take advantage of full Swift support.
• Includes native SDKs 0.14.12 (iOS), 2.6.1 (Android).

2017-04-26 Version 2.0.0-beta.3

• This release fixes an Android crash introduced in 2.0.0-beta.2. (#187)
• Includes native SDKs 0.14.12 (iOS), 2.6.1 (Android).

2017-04-24 Version 2.0.0-beta.2

• Implemented an RCTEventEmitter in iOS.
• Rebuilt JS link caching to address #79.
• Corrected link property mappings on Android (thanks to @jchesne for the PR).
• Includes native SDKs 0.14.12 (iOS), 2.6.1 (Android).
• Added missing AddToCartEvent, listed in the docs.
• Export event constants from the native layer for better consistency.
• Support for routing links in native Android apps that include RN components.
• Added/improved example applications. The master branch includes five examples for 2.0.0:
  • testbed_simple
  • testbed_native_ios
  • testbed_native_android
  • webview_example
  • webview_native_ios As well as the two legacy examples testbed_carthage and testbed_cocoapods for 1.1. The webview_example and webview_example_native_ios apps are complete, practical examples of content-sharing apps that route links and follow Branch's best practices. All examples are fully set up for the bnctestbed.app.link domain.
• All 2.0 examples now include support for both the test and live Branch keys. All Android examples will use the test key in Debug builds and the live key in Release builds. This is also true for testbed_simple and webview_example. testbed_native_ios and webview_example_native_ios use custom build configurations and schemes to differentiate the live and test environments (this approach is only possible when using CocoaPods on iOS; it is easily arranged using productFlavors on Android and very similar to the existing setup).
• Added an experimental Fastlane plugin to set up example apps for iOS without using Xcode to make it easy to run them on a device and test link routing.
• Greatly expanded CI and unit testing, including native unit tests, for improved stability.

2017-03-23 Version 2.0.0-beta.1

• Reduce the number of manual steps required to get started.
• Remove any need for CocoaPods, Carthage or manual iOS SDK installation in a React Native app.
• Pin to specific versions of the native SDKs to avoid issues arising from version mismatches.
• Fully support integration of react-native-branch in a React Native component within a native app that also uses the native Branch SDK.
• Includes native SDKS 0.13.5 (iOS), 2.5.9 (Android)

See Release 2.0.0 for more details.

2017-03-21 Version 1.1.1

• Decrease buildToolsVersion to 23.0.1 in build.gradle
• Fixed broken Carthage build (#128)
• Updated README to reflect async createBranchUniversalObject method.

2017-03-21 Version 0.9.7

• Decrease buildToolsVersion to 23.0.1 in build.gradle

2017-03-16 Version 1.1.0

• This release introduces a userCompletedAction() method on the Branch Universal Object. The registerView() method is deprecated in favor of userCompletedAction(RegisterViewEvent).
• The createBranchUniversalObject() method now allocates native resources supporting the BUO. These are eventually cleaned up when unused for some time. An optional release() method is also provided to ensure they are released immediately, e.g. when componentWillUnmount() is called.
• Corrected a react-native version limitation in the build.gradle to ensure the version from node_modules is used.
• The native iOS dependencies for the testbed apps were updated to 0.13.5.

2017-03-16 Version 0.9.6

• Corrected a react-native version limitation in the build.gradle to ensure the version from node_modules is used.

2017-02-24 Version 1.0.5

• Improved support for manual installation of Branch SDK
• Fix for non-Branch links with Universal Links on iOS

2017-02-24 Version 0.9.5

• Improved support for manual installation of Branch SDK
• Fix for non-Branch links with Universal Links on iOS

2017-02-15 Version 1.0.4

• Reduced iOS deploy target from 9.2 to 8.0.

2017-02-15 Version 0.9.3

• Reduced iOS deploy target from 9.2 to 8.0.

2017-02-06 Version 1.0.2

• Corrected peerDependencies
• Fixed an issue that prevented App Store submission

2017-02-06 Version 0.9.2

• Corrected peerDependencies

2017-01-31 Version 1.0.1

• Fixed unsubscribe bug (#73)
• Support all parameters of Branch Universal Object and link properties

2017-01-31 Version 0.9.1

• Fixed unsubscribe bug (#73)
• Full support for Carthage
• Support all parameters of Branch Universal Object and link properties

2017-01-13 Version 1.0.0

• Support for react-native 0.40.0
• Configuration changes to support various toolchains
• Full support for Carthage